It may be all, some, or none: Photo of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini walking besides decorated members of the Italian military. So while Jewish people had little to do with Ethiopia, they were affected by that policy. Yet many authoritarians instead misuse subnational governance as a flak jacketa shield for deflecting responsibility and criticism more than for solving governance challenges. 2. 97- - How did Castro deal with the media? The Fascists saw that the liberal state was weak and vulnerable to challenge. In Turkey, last months lifting of many restrictions saw a spike in cases, but Erdoan refrained from reimposing another lockdown, fearful of the economic damage it would cause. Millions of veterans were crippled in body and in spirit. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. . Uzbekistan president wins referendum on extending powers Compare and contrast the conditions that led to the rise to power of two authoritarian/single-party leaders. So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. We are not satisfied.. Infighting among elites also has emerged: when the mayor of Moscow took initiative in response to the virus and ordered people to stay home, users on Telegraman app that permits citizens to share information and anonymously criticize each otherlambasted him. Unpopular rulers or governments, and their overthrow, were responsible for the formation of the majority of twentieth century single-party states. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? . PDF Syllabus and Course Outline - St. Louis Public Schools (Nov 2006), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. It is hollowing out democratic institutions and enhancing the tools of repression in developing countries. (Nov 10)), Analyse the circumstances that helpedoneright-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. . Paris, 1900. Many other Japanese citizens, however, embraced the cause of nationalism and military expansion. Only outside of Italy, in the arena of empire, were the Fascists really able to experiment with totalitarianism. authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action. Washington, DC 20024-2126 The emperor READ: Fascist Histories, Part II - Exercising Authoritarianism that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied. I dont see them either. In Tanzania, which has not published nationwide figures relating to the coronavirus since May 8, President John Magufuli insisted that the country had defeated the virus through prayer. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. How consistent was this with Castro's overall vision for Cuban society? To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party. Lu has previously acknowledged being part of the wolf warrior class of Chinese diplomats, a nickname given to envoys who respond vehemently to critics they perceive as hostile to China. Unit Objectives: Authoritarian and Single Party States. According to . And Chinese leaders are working to dilute the liberal norms and erode human rights protections that are . The governments of Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Burundi, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Nicaragua, Russia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Zimbabwe, for example, have displayed serious shortcomings in confronting the coronavirus, shortcomings that often reflect core features of their authoritarian governance. States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors. 20. 97. They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power. The state decided who was an enemy quickly, arbitrarily (randomly), and irreversibly. From this year onward, Italy moved closer and closer to the Nazi position. There were no bureaucrats to rein in the Fascists. Still, Fascism in Italy was not without racism. Last August, he sparked outrage by suggesting Taiwanese people would need to be re-educated following a Chinese takeover of the self-ruled island, while during the Covid pandemic he suggested France was abandoning old people in nursing homes. Compare and contrastthe importance ofthe use of force on the emergence of twoauthstates,each from a different region, Evaluate the impact of domestic economic policies on the maintenance of power in two AS, each from a different region. What similarities do you see between Italys racist ideology in Ethiopia and the ideologies behind European imperialism during the long nineteenth century? Consolidation and maintenance of power. 2 . Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. - DAMAGEdamages relationship with France and Britain READ: Fascism in Italy (article) | Khan Academy There, tensions over pay and work conditions had put landowning farmers in conflict with Socialist-backed workers. Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? Account for theineffectiveness of internal opposition to two rulers of single-party states. -Anti-semitism appeared a bit potentially to impress and imitate ally Hitler-- POPE DID NOT LIKE, Institute of Industrial Reconstruction (IRI): She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. - Outline Castro's health and education policies. Moreover, most authoritarianswhatever the quality of their pandemic policiesface enormous new economic pressures as a result of the virus. To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more They work together. Following a series of planned demonstrations known as the March on Rome, Mussolini was named Prime Minister by the King of Italy. The use of force was the most important method used to maintain power in authoritarian states.. When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) TEXT ON SCREEN: 100. (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. Exploiting widespread fears of a communist uprising, they blamed Communists for the fire, and declared emergency rule. In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead. -Massive public spending reduced unemployment. colonial rule (1910-1945). They would call their empire the "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere". But this challenge is especially difficult for governments that do not enjoy the legitimacy that comes from winning free and fair elections and that instead rely heavily on economic performance as their primary source of popular legitimacy. (May 10 TZ2), In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and rule of Hitler? PDF (It would not hurt to check the - St. Louis Public Schools To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader? Russia has lost its soft power: how war in Ukraine destabilises old Soviet allies, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. In Singapores elections in early July, the main opposition party won more seats than any opposition force has in decades, at least partly due to citizens discontent over the governments pandemic response. Paper 2 questions- Origins and development of Authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of Authoritarian States: - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors, social division, impact of war, weakness of political system. Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. We include resources for teaching with limited class time, for English/Language Arts, and for History classes. Slowed or negative growth, straitened budgets, devastated middle classes, and swelling ranks of poverty-stricken citizens will create political pressure on governments around the worldauthoritarian and democratic alike. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. What impact did this have? Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. The Nazi Rise to Power | Holocaust Encyclopedia Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. PPTX What is an Authoritarian State? - Weebly (Nov 06), To what extent was the rise to power of either Hitler or Mao due to personal appeal and ability? In Turkey, where mayors in Istanbul and Ankara affiliated with the opposition party have won praise among their constituents for their responses to the pandemic, President Recep Tayyip Erdoan has actively tried to undermine them whenever possibleannouncing weekend curfews on short notice to leave the opposition mayors flat-footed, canceling charity fundraisers that the mayors organized, and shutting down opposition-run food kitchenseven at the cost of weakening the countrys broader response to the pandemic. China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. Could a Long-Ruling Party Fall in Paraguay? He was offered a deal just as the Nazis started to lose votes. The Nazis were revolutionaries who wanted to radically transform Germany. The humiliation of Germanys defeat and the peace settlement that followed in 1919 would play an important role in the rise of Nazism and the coming of a second world war just 20 years later. As a result of Mussolini's compromises, conservative and liberal elements within the state blocked most revolutionary goals of Fascism. Middle class savings were wiped out as severe inflation left the currency worthless. Many authoritarian and authoritarian-leaning governments have not responded well to the pandemic. To what extent did the structure and organization of government in Germany between 1933 and 1939 contribute to Hitlers maintenance of power? Authoritarian Challenges to the Liberal Order - Institute for Global Change 2. Amy Elizabeth Robinson is a freelance writer, editor, and historian with a Ph.D. in the History of Britain and the British Empire from Stanford University. Battle for Land: Success (decreased unemployment because people had to drain swamps and plough land) Economic conditions stabilized for a few years, then the worldwide depression hit in 1929. Beginning in 1925, Mussolini tried to strengthen the party and expand its reach. The Chinese embassy in Paris issued a formal statement saying Lus comments were not a policy declaration but the expression of personal viewpoints during a television interview. Weimar Republic: -Unpopular economic policies. To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. In the 1930s, the Japanese government increasingly came under the control of authoritarian governments. 'Elsewhere these groups [like the Nazis] could have been ignored and allowed to die out. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. In 1923, he was imprisoned for trying to overthrow the government. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. -continued to have a relationship What distinguished Italian Fascism from Nazisms biological view of race? Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian states on the maintenance of power in those states. Hitler: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged - Quizlet demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, . Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Thus unlike minorities in Italy, Ethiopians were viewed by most Fascists as barbaric "others" who could never become Italian. The democratic nature of the Weimar Republic paradoxically led directly to the creation of Nazi authoritarian state, as it created an environment of expression and new ideas in which Nazism flourished. 3. Building Civil Society In Authoritarian China Importance Of . In recent months, countries such as Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Russia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan have passed so-called fake news laws related to the pandemic that criminalize criticisms of their governments responses to the public health emergency or even reporting of pandemic conditions that does not match the governments preferred narratives.