A survey by the Office of Security and Co-operation in Europes OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and UN Women highlights that almost 70 percent of trafficking survivors from 35 countries reported that their financial well-being was heavily impacted by COVID-19, and more than two-thirds attributed a decline in their mental health to government-imposed lockdowns triggering memories of exploitative situations. First, we must understand the disparities that disproportionately affect Black trafficking survivors. The value of collaboration between anti-trafficking actors. The Government of Cameroon also acknowledges that recruitment and use of child soldiers by armed Anglophone separatists and Boko Haram is a problem. In 2018, for every 10 victims detected globally, about five were adult women and two were girls. Slovak Republic Of the nearly 450 human . The United States will continue engaging with Afghan security forces to encourage implementation of the policies and legal frameworks in place, such as the Ministry of Defenses Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Policy. In November 2018, President Biya announced the creation of a National Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) Committee. Kristy Mordhorst Criminal justice systems often delayed and suspended overall prosecution efforts while law enforcement officials worked to manage COVID-19 outbreaks, even within their own units. Montenegro Reports of human rights violations attributable to state security forces is on a downward trend. SUPPORTING SURVIVORS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING. Co Chairs Statements of the first (2002), second (2003), third (2009), fourth (2011), fifth (2013), sixth (2016) and seventh (2018) Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference of the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (2018) Policy Guides & Handbooks: Bali Process Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, Agreement on the Cooperation of the CIS Member States in Combating Trafficking in Persons, Human Organs and Tissues (2005), COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (2004), United Nations Action for Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons, A Vision for the Baltic Sea region by 2020, CBSS Summit 2010, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings (TF-THB), COE Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005), ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, Directive 2011/36/EU on Combating and Preventing Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims EU Anti-Trafficking Action 2017-2019, European Union Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, FATF REPORT Financial Flows from Human Trafficking (2018), Arab Framework Act on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2008), Work Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere 2010-2012 (AG/RES. Additionally, traffickers sought to re-exploit survivors who became financially unstable and vulnerable to revictimization. While organ trafficking exists in all regions of the world, it . In addition, since 2019 the Department of Homeland Securitys Customs and Border Protection has issued 10 Withhold Release Orders against goods and companies connected to forced labor in Xinjiang to block their entry into the United States. Estonia Their employer often controls their access to food, transportation, and housing. Based on this knowledge, the field has adapted anti-trafficking efforts to support survivors in specific, appropriate, and effective ways. Every country, including the United States, can do more. Anna Fraser The 2021 Federal Human Trafficking Report released Friday shows that more than half of all trafficking victims in the U.S. were minors in federal prosecutions last year. Cote DIvoire Korea, North Law enforcement officers eventually identified Benilda, and social workers assisted her in getting the help she needed. At the launch of the Report in New York, the Executive Director of UNODC, Antonio Maria Costa said that "many governments are still in denial. Cyprus These can include serious harm, psychosocial harm, reputational harm, threats to others, and debt manipulation. The President has determined that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Yemen to allow for provision of PKO, IMET, and support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. "If you look at our global Trafficking in Persons Report, you see a lot of the statistics are higher for women and children," she said. Governments, donors, and civil society organizations faced practical and ethical dilemmas reconciling pandemic mitigation strategies with the implementation of anti-trafficking activities. Sint Maarten The 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021. Traffickers can commit this crime in any sector or setting, whether legal or illicit, including but not limited to agricultural fields, factories, restaurants, hotels, massage parlors, retail stores, fishing vessels, mines, private homes, or drug trafficking operations. It was only when I decided to escape my trafficker that I realized how pronounced racial injustice was in my community, particularly against human trafficking survivors with previous arrest records. Korea, North Samantha Novick After reasonable requests from the Department of State for data regarding such investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences, a government which does not provide such data, consistent with a demonstrably increasing capacity of such government to obtain such data, shall be presumed not to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced such acts. A waiver to allow the continuation of PKO assistance to support CTSAMVM and RJMEC will help maintain accountability regarding the Government of South Sudans unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers by allowing critical funding for the continued operation of these key oversight and monitoring mechanisms. Forms of slavery or slavery-like practicesincluding the sale of children, forced or compulsory child labor, and debt bondage and serfdom of childrencontinue to exist, despite legal prohibitions and widespread condemnation. The United States TVPA and the UN TIP Protocol contain similar definitions of human trafficking. In reality, they had grown in number and in size, with hundreds of thousands of victims graduating and being sent to larger and more technologically advanced prisons under false terrorism-related charges. This application of trauma-informed principles during a time of collective trauma reflects the successand the necessityof the push from survivors in recent years for the anti-trafficking movement as a whole to become more survivor- and trauma-informed. I finished out the semester and decided I would wait for a bit to finish college. Argentina 1. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. The spread of misinformation about human trafficking also means that anti-trafficking experts and organizations need to allocate time and resources to re-educate the public. Chelsea Kaser Pakistan Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state. Japan Jamaica Page 20: Seivan Salim I knew my family loathed gays. As the anti-trafficking community has grappled with how to integrate these ideals, it often conflates them. These stereotypes may affect, for example, which communities law enforcement target for anti-trafficking operations, which victim witnesses the criminal justice system deems credible, and which individuals process their experiences as exploitation and seek help. Looking Back on Twenty Years of the Trafficking in Persons Report. Canada Tunisia Page 75: Panos Pictures/Samuel Aranda 2. If there is one thing we have learned in the last year, it is that human trafficking does not stop during a pandemic. The courageous voices of survivors, their family members abroad, researchers, and international advocacy groups have thoroughly documented the PRCs discriminatory use of surveillance technologies and trumped-up administrative and criminal charges to abduct and detain more than one million Muslims, including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks, and ethnic Uzbeks, in as many as 1,200 state-run internment camps throughout Xinjiang. The Government of South Sudan has engaged with the UN on creating an action plan to address six grave violations against children, including unlawful recruitment and use. FACT SHEET: The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking Uzbekistan South Sudan Description and Amount of Assistance Withheld Pursuant to Section 404(a). The following excerpts highlight the reflections of some who have directly experienced the ways in which systemic racism intersects with human trafficking in the United States and provide insight and guidance on how best to move forward. For instance, advocates, survivors, and other experts have found that ingrained racial biases and stereotypes, which were created as a way to dehumanize certain racial communities to justify their exploitation and exclusion, hinder progress in anti-trafficking efforts because they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is a trafficker and who should have access to victim protection and services. The 2021 narratives provided detailed examples to justify this assessment, such as: Over the last four years, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has carried out a mass detention and political indoctrination campaign against Uyghurs, who are predominantly Muslim, and members of other ethnic and religious minority groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), a large region in western China. Rather, a Tier 1 ranking indicates that a government has made efforts to address the problem that meet the TVPAs minimum standards. South Sudan Traffickers often use fraudulent, psychologically manipulative, or coercive recruitment methods so they need not kidnap or even physically restrain their victims. Malawi This report is submitted in accordance with section 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Timothy Gehring Crystal Hill This is not a new truth, but it is a somber, unacceptable reality. He is the Co-President of the Lawyers Network for Technical Intern Trainees, the President of the Lawyers Network for Foreign Workers, and a prominent legal expert in foreign labor issues. Moldova To support survivors in rebuilding their lives and preventing further exploitation, the financial sector can offer account qualification exception programs and low-to-no fee second chance accounts. Section 2. Governments and other anti-trafficking organizations are already taking action to weave anti-trafficking measures into crisis responses. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Governments should hold all entities, including businesses, accountable for human trafficking. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons - 2020 - World Angola Christine Buchholz After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. 10 U.S.C. Additionally, the author holds a Masters degree in Intercultural Studies with Children at Risk and a Bachelors degree in Education. Aggregate data fluctuates from one year to the next due to the hidden nature of trafficking crimes, dynamic global events, shifts in government efforts, and a lack of uniformity in national reporting structures. To maintain a Tier 1 ranking, governments need to demonstrate appreciable progress each year in combating trafficking. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Papua New Guinea It reflects on the lessons learned from practitioners and offers considerations to rebuild momentum through coordinated anti-trafficking strategies. Section 1 lists the countries identified as being in violation of the standards under the CSPA in 2020. Venezuela. For every 10 victims detected globally in 2018, about five were adult women and two were young girls. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all appropriate measures against officials who condone or enable such trafficking. Leading by example, the OSR/CTHBs collaboration with the Secretariats Procurement and Contracting Unit provided for the development of internal measures and capacities to prevent TIP in the OSCEs procurement. We traveled a lot; we were always on the road between cities, between states, and wherever we were told to go. In addition, APRAMP has a 24-hour hotline, short-term shelters, multidisciplinary care centers, witness protection resources, legal advice, psychological support, a job education center, and self-employment workshops. Somalia Efforts to reform the kafala system and develop non-exploitative policies would benefit from input and recommendations from survivors who experienced forced labor under this system. The number of incidents of child soldier recruitment and use continue to decline, according to data from an international organization in 2019. Spain At the local and regional levels,she is persistent in advancing advocacy, outreach, and rehabilitation services to combat human trafficking. James Taylor That was the year Matthew Shepard was beaten and left for dead hanging on a fence. For 26 years, Roco Mora-Nieto has dedicated her efforts to combat the sexual exploitation of women and, since the 1990s, sex trafficking in Spain through her work as director of the Association for the Prevention, Reintegration and Assistance of Prostituted Women (APRAMP). In contrast, when Black and Brown bodies go missing you dont hear about their disappearance anywhere near as often, if at all., Autumn Burris, 9. In some countries, the law provides for corporate accountability in both the civil and criminal justice systems. Sarah Davis Denmark (PDF) Was this page helpful? The government provided Aarav and the other victims support in the aftermath of the raid. In many of these cases, children may simply have no other trusted adults actively engaged in their lives. During the three months of Spains lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, under Moras leadership, APRAMP quickly redirected its efforts toward the detection of new spaces where commercial sex was happening. When she arrived, she learned her boss owned a roadside stall instead of a store. Likewise, many companies have taken a stand against the use of forced labor in China by cutting ties with suppliers in Xinjiang or those connected to the PRCs campaign of repressionat times earning them heavy consumer and state-run media backlash within the Chinese domestic market. At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Whether the government of the country achieves appreciable progress in eliminating severe forms of trafficking when compared to the assessment in the previous year. Mark Forstrom India To extract this work or service, governments coerce by threatening the withdrawal of public benefits, withholding salaries, failing to adhere to limits on national service, manipulating the lack of legal status of stateless individuals and other minority groups, threatening to punish family members, or conditioning services, food, or freedom of movement on labor or sex. Tatum West Unlawful Recruitment or Use of Child Soldiers. . Algeria Page 59: Picture Alliance Advisory Council on Human Trafficking was established to advise federal agencies on their anti-trafficking policies and programs, including on the application of this approach to their efforts. The fact-finding mission has a mandate to document abuses by GNA and non-state militias, including child soldier recruitment or use. U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues year-round. In the past year, theMWLteamhas fervently worked to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and families in Albania affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to human trafficking. In addition, some service providers offered telephone and online counseling and legal aid sessions, including filing temporary protection orders by email and providing legal representation via online platforms. As COVID-19 caused a global economic downturn and increased the number of individuals vulnerable to human trafficking, traffickers adapted their existing tactics to take advantage of the unique circumstances of the pandemic. Sagbo Sasse was also a crucial member of Gabons anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee and remains the countrys foremost leader on this issue. Allocating resources to debunk myths and misinformation about human trafficking takes time away from critical services including responding to survivors seeking help. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2020 This year marks a major milestonethe 20th anniversary of the TIP Report. iv. As of April 5, PKO funding was obligated for the Somali National Army and Somali Ministry of Defense for the following activities: logistical support; stipends; advisory support; training; equipment; and program oversight. In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. In 2017, IOM estimated that 41 percent of child trafficking experiences are facilitated by family members and/or caregivers. A full waiver the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Nigeria allows the U.S. government to continue to provide security assistance in delivery of the above lines of efforts. President Felix Tshisekedi has demonstrated that he is a willing partner committed to addressing instability and conflict in DRC, but needs U.S. security assistance to succeed in defeating armed groups threatening local populations, including the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). The 2004 TIP Report collected this data for the first time. Maldives In compliance with the Action Plan signed with the UN, the Borno State government should continue to support the CJTF to release any remaining child soldiers and cease to recruit any new ones. Building the capacity of the Republic of Yemen Government to meet these goals furthers important U.S. government security interests to include enhancing homeland security, while simultaneously moving toward the goal of ending the war in Yemen. Section 3. The Department of State further assesses that the most durable solution to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers will be a negotiated political settlement that ends Libyas current conflict. The author has a range of expertise related to human trafficking, familial trafficking, marginalized communities, trauma and resiliency, education, and survivor leadership. Navigating not only the continuation of but also the increased need for anti-trafficking responses during a global health crisis proved to be exceptionally challenging. Applicable assistance restrictions apply for the next Fiscal Year, which begins October 1, 2021. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. As the UN-recognized government of Libya, the GNA and its military leaders are critical interlocutors in these discussions. The report uses the term "forced labour" to describe the forms of exploitation commonly referred to as human trafficking in the United States and other nations. North Macedonia Carla M. Bury FACT SHEET: The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (NAP) Briefing Room Statements and Releases Globally, an estimated 25 million people are subjected to human trafficking and. The waiver for IMET assistance will support the professionalization of the Somali military. A February 2020 seminar in the government-controlled city of Marib, held by ROYG ministries and NGOs with support from Saudi Arabias King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center (KSRelief) addressed strategies to reduce unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers, taking into account the social and political contexts of the practice. Globally, one in every three victims detected is a child. When investigations and prosecutions did proceed, the coordination of extra safety precautions that met the victims and the prosecution teams level of comfort further delayed the process in some cases. Trafficking Around the World: 2021 Trafficking In Persons Report - NCOSE This edition of the Global Report provides a snapshot of the trafficking patterns and flows detected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of proactive response and crisis mitigation planning to anti-trafficking activities. This narrative was written by a consultant for the Network funded by the TIP Office. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the Government of Nigeria (GON) and has certified that the GON is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Other traditional emergency response and support services, such as shelters, hospitals, and clinics, where victims might be identified were overburdened, at reduced capacity, or closed due to COVID-related restrictions or surges. The United States government urges the GOI to continue its ongoing attempts to assert command and control over all elements of the PMF. The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. Many of us loathe the churches that allowed us to be abused with their hatred of us from the pulpit. Other children excel, whether because school is where they feel safe or because they have been conditioned to please adults in their lives or developed resiliency and survival skills early in life. COVID-19 generated conditions that increased the number of people who experienced vulnerabilities to human trafficking and interrupted existing and planned anti-trafficking interventions. We need to be seen as people experiencing victimization. Because this evil $150 billion global enterprise operates in the dark shadows, compiling statistics on its reach is difficult. Joriz began sexually abusing Benilda on camera, live-streaming it to the internet for money. Page 5: Picture Alliance This content often becomes viral on mainstream social media platforms, taking advantage of well-intentioned members of the public, including those who want to take action to make a difference. First, child-friendly spaces provide a calm and reassuring physical environment. We paid daily for a bed, for the space at the bar, for the help the bar owners gave us. Guedet Mandzela |Gabon, Stopping Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by International Peacekeepers and Civilian Personnel, International, Regional, and Sub-Regional Organizations Combating Trafficking In Persons, Annual Report on the Use of Child Soldiers, Sections 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act (CSPA) of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Burma During stay-at-home orders, workers who lived at their worksites became particularly vulnerable to sex trafficking and forced labor while being restricted in their ability to seek assistance or leave their situation of exploitation. Forced labor is well documented in the private economy, particularly in agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, construction, and domestic work; but no sector is immune. 2950 (L-O/20), Progress Report: II Work Plan Against Trafficking in Persons In The Western Hemisphere 2015-2018, Recommendations of the Sixth Meeting of National Authorities on Trafficking in Persons Challenges in the Fight against Trafficking in Times of Pandemic (2021), OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas(2016), Trafficking in Persons and Corruption Report (2016), http://www.osce.org/secretariat/trafficking. Governments and anti-trafficking organizations responded to the increased vulnerabilities due to the pandemic through efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking and expand protection measures for victims. Although almost 50,000 victims of human trafficking were detected and reported in 2018 by 148 countries, the "hidden nature" of the crime means that the actual number of victims could be "far higher . Employ a third-party reviewer to assess the organizations integration of survivor leadership and trauma-informed approaches. Outlined below is a description of what it means to be both trauma- and survivor-informed, as well as recommendations on integrating both approaches as one, comprehensive effort. Each year, the Department of State honors individuals around the world who have devoted their lives to the fight against human trafficking. During a raid, Salih managed to run away to a displaced persons camp. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Most importantly, age- and culturally appropriate comprehensive programs need to be developed with consideration of each unique survivor in mind. Excess Defense Articles (EDA) $3,821,000 United States - United States Department of State Kuwait 1. any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or. Bahamas, The In December 2019, Iraq presented a proposal to prepare a comprehensive plan to reduce unlawful child recruitment operations in armed and terrorist conflicts to an intragovernmental committee headed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. Yemen. Despite commitments from South Sudan armed groups in February 2019 to prevent and end the six grave violations against children, the UN continues to verify reports of such grave violations against children committed by all parties to the conflict. When the family member or guardian is the victims trafficker, it may not be apparent that human trafficking is occurring, especially because the victim lives with or near the perpetrator. Authorities continued to implement these policies in other provinces, targeted other religious minorities under their auspices, and sought the coerced repatriation and internment of religious and ethnic minorities living abroad through the use of surveillance, harassment and threats against them and their family members, and extradition requests.
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