Native Canadians, called First Nations people . Plate tectonics refers to the movement and collision of the Earths outer crust. The Canadian Shield stretches from Labrador to the Arctic. apart from forestry, what other important industry is found in the shield today mining industry what is unusual about the climate of the western cordillera it has a maritime clime strongly influenced by the closeness of large body of water. The average temperature ranges from -15 to -35 celcius. See more current weather Annual Weather Averages in Resolute Bay Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. Canada - Topography. The crust, also known as the North American Craton, extends from northern Mexico to Greenland and consists of hard rocks at least 1 billion years old. Listing total number of features into an ArcGIS Online feature pop-up, Coldest 1. It is the Canadian breadbasket and an area that is also rich in petroleum, gas, and other mineral resources. The southern part has 15 hours of daylight in the sumer and in the winter there is about 8.5 hours of daylight. Ont., which is 7 miles from Ottawa. [1] The shield extends into the United States as the Adirondack Mountains (connected by the Frontenac Axis) and the Superior Upland. Canada's far north lies in the frozen grip of the Arctic, where ice, snow, and glaciers dominate the landscape. These weathering processes were interrupted by a number of ice ages occurring over the last 2.5 million years. Weather Time Zone DST Changes Sun & Moon Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Currently: 16 F. Canada is home to 28% of the worlds boreal forests, with 75% of Canadian forests part of the global boreal forest ring. The Canadian Shield, a northern region constituting almost half of Canada, has a cold, dry climate characterized by Arctic winds, heavy snowfall during the winter, cool, short summers in the north and warm summers in the south. First Nations-Clothing An Animal Hide 22. For a plain-language summary, please see Canadian Shield (Plain Language Summary). Deforestation in Canada: Key myths and facts Various minerals and precious stones have been mined or continue to be mined on the Shield, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, uranium and diamonds. Boreal Forest 3. Although these mountains are now heavily eroded, many large mountains still exist in Canada's far north called the Arctic Cordillera. Most temperate forests dont get as much rainfall as tropical rainforests, but they do get enough rainabout 30 to 60 inches each yearto grow big trees. The average temperatures range from 59 degrees F (15 degrees C) in the summer to -31 degrees F (-35 degrees C) in winter. Canada's growth rate has been anywhere between 0.8% and 1.2% for the past ten years. Light rain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Some of this material was deposited on the shield when the ice melted, but the bulk of it was carried southward to be deposited south and southwest of the Canadian Shield. The lowlands of the Canadian Shield have soggy soil suitable for planting trees, but it contains many marshes and bogs. Weather in July Weather in August Natural hazards - Canada.ca The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadj]), also called the Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. The cold, highly saline water of the northern Atlantic sometimes forms an anomaly called the cold blob that results in unseasonably warm temperatures in the maritime provinces. Ejecta from the meteorite impact was found in the Rove Formation in May 2007. As the exposed part of the North American puzzle piece, the Canadian shield is made of hard rock, both igneous (formed by the rapid cooling of liquid rock) and metamorphic (rock that has been changed by enormous heat and pressure). It is filled with substantial deposits of nickel, gold, silver, and copper. In the northernmost part, a city such as Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, will experience a dry, cold climate most of the year. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. Later, beginning in the mid-1800s, railway construction meant blasting through Canadian Shield rock, exposing valuable minerals in the process. Today, the largest concentration of active mines on the Shield and in the world is located around Sudbury, Ontario. Tsuyoshi Iizuka, at al., "Geology and Zircon Geochronology of the Acasta Gneiss Complex", the largest-known meteorite impact craters on Earth, "Metallogeny and Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-Hudson Orogen", Alberta Heritage - Alberta Online Encyclopedia, 3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly, Report on the 2007 Diamond Drilling Program, McClarty Lake Project, Manitoba: The Pas Mining District NTS 63-K-08; UTM ZONE 14 N 415938 E, 6038968 N; 542928N 1001752W, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Shield&oldid=1144657401, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 21:53. Canadian Shield . The trees living in this biome are adapted to these changing seasons. These processes include erosion, glaciation and plate tectonics. The Canadian Shield is a huge rock formation. Physical Regions Canada Population 2023 (Live) Precipitation collects acidic particles and gases and becomes acidic. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. This region has short summers. Learn why looking at a set of climate models, rather than a single one, can lend confidence to decisions. socials chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet The ice, in moving to the south, scraped the land bare of its overlying mantle of weathered rock. Here it collects warm, moist air before continuing across the continent and towards Europe, where these winds are believed to be the reason for Norways warmer temperatures than other regions along the same latitude. (One of the five factors that influence climate.) The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. 3 What biome is South Florida? Age. The nearby but less-known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. The Canadian Shield formed over 3 billion years through processes such as plate tectonics, erosion and glaciation. The taiga is characterized by a cold, harsh climate, low rate of precipitation (snow and rain), and short growing season. This unique strip of desert is 12 miles wide and winds for 125 miles in the rain shadow of both the Coast and Cascade mountain ranges. Temperate deciduous forests are most notable because they go through four seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. This process is known as the winterization of summer. Compaction in the Rock Cycle: Understanding the Process Behind Sedimentary Rock Formation, Crystallization in the Water Cycle: A Fundamental Process in Water Distribution and Purification, Understanding Crystallization in the Rock Cycle: A Fundamental Process in Rock Formation, Extracting Lat/Lng from Shapefile using OGR2OGR/GDAL. The rock, or crust, is also known as the North American Craton. What using emissions scenarios can look like in practice. The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Omissions? The north is vast and sparse compared to the south. In geology, a shield is generally a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas and that normally form the nucleus of continents. Given the prominence of the boreal forest throughout the Canadian Shield, forestry is also a prominent industry. Web. The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. Home Page > Population. Source: Geological Survey of Canada, photograph number 2001-079. Learn how to manage uncertainty related to greenhouse gas emissions by using emissions scenarios. Common coniferous trees include white and black spruce; jack, red, white and eastern white pine; balsam fir; tamarack; eastern hemlock; and eastern red cedar. [19] In the case of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), the Shield area contains many of their denning locations, such as the Wapusk National Park. How would you describe the Canadian Shield? If you have any comment, feedback or need support, please contact us. Canadian Shield | Definition, Location, Map, Landforms, & Facts Soil quality, climate and economic competition are three reasons there is so little farming in the Canadian Shield. Canada geography, maps, climate, environment and terrain from Canada Forest-land - land spanning more than 0.5 hectares where the tree canopy covers more than 10% of the total land area and the trees can grow to a height of more than 5 metres. Due to technological advancements, humans have been able to modify their environment and adapt to many different places. Recently scientists determined the geographical elements of the Rockies impact climate as far away as Norway. Clothing allows us to stay comfortable in areas with cooler temperatures. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hydroelectric developments such as those at Churchill Falls, Labrador, James Bay, Qubec, and Kettle Rapids, Manitoba, continue to feed electricity to urban centres in the south. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. The Shield is covered in parts by vast boreal forests in the south that support natural ecosystems as well as a major logging industry. Coldness is the dominant climatic factor in taiga ecosystems, although a surprising diversity of climates exists. The highest temperature recorded was 113 F (45 C) at Midale and Yellow Grass, both in Saskatchewan, in 1937. Canadian Shield is a large area of Precambrian rock that forms the core of Canada. The Canadian Shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Population. Figure 1: Northwestern Manitoba - This photograph, taken in northwestern Manitoba, shows an aerial view of gravel ridges that mark the location of crevasses in the ice sheet that once covered the Canadian Shield.Each ridge is about 3 metres high and 10 metres wide. When they retreat, glaciers release the material theyve been transporting and the deposited sediments become the origin of soils. Because most of the tundra is underlain by permafrost, vegetation is not able to put down deep roots, stunting growth. Long, severe winters last up to 6 months, with average temperatures below freezing. The terrain consists of tundra except in mountainous regions of the east. The climate here features long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The multitude of rivers and lakes throughout the region is caused by the watersheds of the area being so young and in a state of sorting themselves out with the added effect of post-glacial rebound. Climate - The Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowlands Download data at both local and regional scales to include data into your own work. The Canadian Shield is among the oldest on Earth, with regions dating from 2.5 to 4.2 billion years. With the exception of the Canadian Shield, the rocks of the North American Craton are buried deep within the continent and covered by soil and other material. Canadian Shield - Alberta Wilderness Association The Canadian Shield is the part of the North American craton that is exposed. The most recent glaciation to affect the area was the Wisconsin glaciation that began around 110,000 years ago. Most of Antarctica is too cold and dry to support vegetation, and most of the continent is covered by ice fields. The current surface expression of the shield is one of very thin soil on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. The Canadian prairies generally receive about 12 to 15 inches of annual precipitation in the semi-arid areas, while the continental regions receive a bit more, averaging 16 to 20 inches a year. The Innu made their home on the Shield in what is now Qubec and Labrador, while the Cree, Anishinaabeg and Mtis occupied large swaths of the region through Qubec, Ontario, Manitoba,Saskatchewan and Alberta. Comparable to sandpaper on wood, these forces slowly wore down the mountains, so that by about 800 million years ago, the low-relief surface of the Shield had been created. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface. The underlying rock structure also includes Hudson Bay and the submerged area between North America and Greenland. The metamorphic base rocks are mostly from the Precambrian (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago) and have been repeatedly uplifted and eroded. The average temperature in Quebec is 4.8 C. Accordingly, the data does not necessarily reflect the exact point that you select, particularly in areas with varying microclimates. The kimberlite pipes in which the diamonds are found are closely associated with cratons, which provide the deep lithospheric mantle required to stabilize diamond as a mineral. Such a large area of exposed old rock as seen in the Canadian Shield is unusual. Precipitation comes in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Geography of Ontario - Wikipedia The mixed coniferous and deciduous tress can survive in the poor and unproductive mountain soil, and flourish on the plateaus and in the rivers. The Canadian shield is centered on Hudson's Bay over eastern, central, and northwestern Canada. Human Activity - Enjoy the Boreal Shield Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Currently the Ekati and Diavik mines are actively mining kimberlite diamonds. In northern Canada, much of this forest rests on the Canadian . The Canadian shield is covered by a thin layer of soil and forms the nucleus of the North American cratonan old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for over 500 million years. [2] In total, the exposed area of the Shield covers approximately 8,000,000km2 (3,100,000sqmi). In this area, climate has a huge impact on the landforms. Few trees grow here, and farming is not practical. The Canadian Shield contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth. canadian shield climate graph Why does the Canadian shield have thin soil? Several factorsnamely, the solar elevation angle, day length, and snow coverconspire to produce this cold climate. The mean annual temperature ranges from -4C to 0.5C; the mean summer temperature ranges from 11.5C to 14C; and the mean winter temperature ranges from -20.5C to -14.5C. [11][12] Erosion has exposed the roots of the mountains, which take the form of greenstone belts in which belts of volcanic rock that have been altered by metamorphism are surrounded by granitic rock. This region does overlap other regions of Canada, including the Cordillera and the Canadian Shield. What is the annual precipitation in Canada? Overcast. The processes that formed the Canadian Shield have taken over three billion years to get where it is now. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The rocks that now form the surface of the shield were once far below the earth's surface. The Canadian Shield: Climate Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. Transitional between the tundra and the boreal forests is the Northern Canadian Shield Taiga ecoregion, characterized by low-lying bushes because of the increasingly severe weather and unsuitable soil conditions (WWF, 2001). The Craton stretches from Greenland to Mexico. Smaller predators include the coyote, red and arctic fox, muskrat, wolverine, weasel, mink, marten, otter, and least weasel. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. The Canadian Shield | Map, Location & Formation - Video & Lesson The boreal forest (or taiga) is the worlds largest land biome. Acid rain is wet deposition. While Canada's fertility rate is 1.53 births per woman, below the population replacement rate, the population continues to grow as migration plays an increasing role in the population. It is considered the first region in North America to be elevated permanently above sea level, not having been subsequently submerged by encroachments of the oceans. 3 What kind of climate does the Canadian Shield have? It also includes in Canada the central/northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay and the Great Plains, northern Saskatchewan, and a small portion of northeastern Alberta, as well as the mainland northern Canadian territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan/Alberta border (Northwest Territories and Nunavut) (HCF, 2007). Alberta's Canadian Shield - Alberta: Our Community It covers parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta. While the east coast of North America frequently suffers from cyclonic weather, the Appalachians flatten and slow incoming cold fronts, weakening the winds and causing a course shift to the south and east of the mountain range. First Nations-Food Beaver (Sometimes Eaten As Food) 23. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The range's highest peak is Nunavut's Barbeau Peak at 2,616 metres (8,583ft) above sea level. Southern Ontario is one of the densest regions in the country. The national capital Ottawa is located in Ontario bordering Quebec. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Climate change: Where we are in seven charts and what you can do to Population - Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Historical Climate Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada On the opposite side of the Canadian Shield in the south, we see a more humid climate, with cold winters and warm summer occurring. Physiographic Regions | The Canadian Encyclopedia Located in the middle of the continent and stretching east to west for 750 miles, these five water bodies comprise the greatest amount of fresh surface water in the world. With the exception of the Canadian Shield, the rocks of the North American Craton are buried deep within the continent and covered by soil and other material. This vast region, with its store of forests, waterpower, and mineral resources, is being increasingly developed. Temperature range is extreme, especially in the mid-continental areas, where seasonal fluctuations can be as great as 100C. The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. If underground areas are included, the Canadian Shield covers even more area. Cool summer temperatures can actually produce higher photosynthetic efficiency in plants than can warmer conditions. Other birds include boreal owls , great horned owls, blue jays and white-throated sparrows, while mammals include caribou, deer, wolves, lynx, moose, black bears and beavers . Finally, the Nain province is the smallest of the seven regions, and is not a major mineral producer. Unsurprisingly, these oceans have a significant impact on the climate of the land nearby. Why is there so little farming in the Canadian Shield? What is the climate in northern Canadian Shield? What Is the Climate of the Canadian Shield? - Reference.com Click Hereto learn more about the CCCS services. How do we plan for a future that is uncertain? Everything You Need to Know About Life in the Canadian Shield. The Canadian Shield is part of an ancient continent called Arctica, which was formed about 2.5 billion years ago. Learn More Location based summaries We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. About fifty species of mammals are found in the Taiga Shield, including the large herbivores barren-ground caribou, woodland caribou, and moose. ClimateData.ca is a climate data portal produced collaboratively by the countrys leading climate organizations and supported, in part, by the Government of Canada. The data displayed is for the ~10 km x 6 km grid cell within which the selected location lies. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). The shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. Standard reports, Table 4.0, Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land in Canada. The Boreal Shield ecozone is a main contributor to the Canadian economy not only with its economic activities but also with its pure fresh air, water, food, recreation, and wildlife. As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. Its warm in the summer, but it gets cool in the fall, and cold in the winter. The largest, and one of the best known, is Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Canada has seven climatic regions or zones: the Arctic, Subarctic, Prairie, Great Lakes, Cordilleran, plus the East and West Coasts. This is the Athapaskan "land of little sticks" that stretches from Labrador to Alaska and from Siberia to Scandinavia. ClimateData.ca is supported by the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (CCCS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada as part of its efforts to provide Canadians with easy access to climate related data and to help increase their resilience to climate change. The coast of the . Get summary information about how climate change is affecting areas you care about so you can see how climate change is impacting local areas of interest. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Each is home to rock of different ages, types and formation characteristics, as well as different mineral deposits. Fact: Harvesting trees does not cause deforestation. Peterson Field Guide to Geology of Eastern North America by Roberts, David & Roger Tory Peterson. Deforestation only occurs when forests are permanently removed so the land can be used for something else. (This is the full-length entry about the Canadian Shield. Temperate grassland 5. savanna (tropical GL) 6. Identifying port numbers for ArcGIS Online Basemap? Wolves, black and grizzly bears and the lynx are the larger predators. Severe storms and tornadoes are possible, though far less likely than in the. Showing: The warmest month is July, with an average high-temperature of 22.3C (72.1F) and an average low-temperature of 11.5C (52.7F). The mean temperature of the warmest month, July, is generally between 15 and 20 C (59 and 68 F). Web. As the ice retreated from the southern part of present-day Canada a process that began as recently as 11,000 years ago it cut the basins of the Great Lakes as well as the thousands of lakes throughout the Canadian Shield. It has over 150 volcanic belts (now deformed and eroded down to nearly flat plains) that range from 600 to 1,200 million years old. Forests are not as dense in the north. How your Landform effects the people who live there. Kimberlites formations where diamonds can be located are scattered throughout the Shield, with the largest deposit located near Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, about 300 km northeast of Yellowknife. The Canadian Shield once had jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains, but millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills.[4]. The Canadian Shield only came into terminological being in the 1880s. 2 What are the main biomes of Florida? The Canadian Shield is a U-shaped subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. Located just below the tundra region, these young forests are in constant renewal due to the natural occurrence of forest fire and insect infestation. The growing season is only about 60 days and in the winter the sunlight hours are about 5.5 hours while in the summer 18.5 hours. (Weather station: Resolute, Canada). (Weather station: Ottawa Int'L. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sitemap. The Canadian Shieldalso called the Laurentian Plateau, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Precambrian Shieldis the massive U-shaped, almost circular region of the Earth that has extensive exposed Precambrian rock, forms the nucleus of North America, and extends from Lake Superior on the south to the Arctic Islands on the north, and from western Canada eastward to most of Greenland, including in the United States the Adirondack Mountains in the northeast and the Northern Highlands in Wisconsin. The resulting surface consists of rocky, ice-smoothed hills with an average relief of 30 metres (100 feet), together with irregular basins, which are mostly filled by lakes or swamps. Leaves change color (or senesce) in autumn, fall off in the winter, and grow back in the spring; this adaptation allows plants to survive cold winters. The origin of life traces to the Archean, with prokaryote fossils known from 3.5 billion years ago. sweet potato sushi roll calories. Learn about the three main sources of uncertainty in climate projections. . The high pressures and temperatures at those depths provided ideal conditions for mineralization. In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. Far Western Canada, comprising most of British Columbia, is laced with towering mountain ranges. [3] As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the Shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States. The mountains of the Canadian Shield were subsequently eroded by weather such as wind and rain. Like weather, as glaciers grow and move they also smooth the landscape, as well as move sediment. Low level haze. The North American craton is the bedrock forming the heart of the North American continent and the Canadian Shield is the largest exposed part of the craton's bedrock. Who wrote the song The Maple Leaf Forever? The shield is considered to have been originally an area of very large mountains and much volcanic activity, but over the millennia the area was eroded to its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief (984 to 1,968.5 feet above sea level) with diverse ridges and low mountain ranges. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. The annual temperature range is 23C and Vancouver's annual precipitation is 1167mm. See more current weather Annual Weather Averages Near Ottawa Averages are for Ottawa Int'L.
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