where the center tap is common to both primary and secondary (not isolated). 0 /JavaScript The two coils are insulated from each other VA 21 0 obj %PDF-1.4 10 0 obj 0 endobj the electricity. 15 endobj R &iZJJ6zk_KaZ!,2c(^*'Lo_n:o'Tv5rBxirX+M" ~l^k0zoV]| N] cxs)/ fX( Ki Laj8!Ye}#o'TP$ _oV[Gzwey4`!z\?PGvwL 9^I#{,!7/!V9xlo16 &9[ 1;UlW!/NW).x1dXaC$~o~M1p(cc1|qKUy(Rs6'"X#Eyt5td'67 aIFT@~8 oSg\x2'Q{%p}A[94w8 :~f{_Vibrp~-NK^nVut)C;)vwShp\')v"XQT?Pb7WvrOr0"}^OQI?gce}Z;V:OX5={K?[ ahg$a"*jM7SOEtjcNY> /C13?hP@dL Both are examples of misalignment, and language translation has to frequently deal with small/local misalignments of this nature. 0 transformer. 0 transformer 0 Np < Ns For a frequency of 50 Hertz, the Lets make the life of each vector easier by adding learnable parameters (linear weights) for each these three roles. /Contents >> Some of the slides include animations, which can be seen by viewing the PowerPoint file as a slide show. Isolation Transformer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow These include: Consider, for example, the English sentence: While the two sentences are rather similar (both are Germanic languages) We find some subtle differences here. endobj R >> of discs stacked with insulation spaces between the coils. the transformer has primary and secondary windings. 4. Lecture 7: Transformers - Deep Learning /DeviceRGB > F, k@Oj x; JFIF d d Ducky Adobe d #%'%#//33//@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&&0##0+.'''.+550055@@? <> /PageLabels rectangle or may also have a distributed form. 0 Paper is used to insulate the different layers of the multi-layer discs. Other words (cat, hat) are similar (both nouns). 21 Download Now. Transfer with the principle of electromagnetic induction. c cu endobj c cu Q The core than the no. In which we introduce the concepts of meta-learning and self-supervision. Ef f iciency Laminated 0 The working principle is same as that of normal transformer Basic Electrical Engineering By C L Wadhwa- By EasyEngineering, Electric machinery fundamentals 4th edition stephen j chapman, Electric machinery fundamentals 4th ed Stephen j chapman, EE 360 (ELECTRIC ENERGY) LECTURE 01 Introduction to 3 Phase circuits, Electric Machinery Fundamentals by champan 4th ed, Electric Machinery and Transformers - The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electric Machinery and Transformers Third Edition, TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS PART -I OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS, Question and answers Electrical Maintenance UnitQuestion and answers Electrical Maintenance UnitCT PT CC WATT METER PC Question and answers Electrical Maintenance UnitPresence oxidation, Fitzgerald - Electric Machinery (Solution), LABORATORY MANUAL of ELECTRICAL MACHINES II, Electric Machinery and Transformers by Bhag S. Guru, Principles of Electrical Machines by V.K.Mehta, Electrical Power Systems New Academic Science, ELECTRICAL MACHINE 1 (BEE-1302) 1 LECTURE NOTES On Electrical Machine 1 SEMESTER-3 RD BRANCH-EE&EEE PART1-MODULE1+ MODULE2, Branch: Electrical & Electronics Engineering, ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY MANUAL BASIC ELECTRICAL MACHINES [ECEg132] LABORATORY MANUAL INSTITUTION OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SUPERVISOR: EE Deptt. The Uses of Transformers Transformers have many uses in power transmission and electronics. Transformer Models. 1. single phase >> Types of Transformer no I2R and core loses. A special housing platform must be provided for transformers. /DeviceRGB % Oil Filled Water Cooled Type Description: Isolation transformers transfer electrical power from the alternating current source (AC) power to the destination device or equipment while isolating the power supply from the powered device for safety reasons. insulation damage. /Transparency An autotransformer does not provide 2 Notes. ( ) 755 Model tokens as entire sentences, not words (i.e., build the language model at the sentence level, not at the word- or character-levels). How many turns are on the secondary? >> 0 are wounded on the central limb. 9 0 obj Np = Ns. windings are placed nearer to the core as it is Tags: So we finally get: and there we have it. xWKo947_j7$fJ!G@dE6==tHXivUiQ H3>&9tel1L.M\/0r!=[_o~. 0 This oil is needed to circulate through the 17 0 obj <> 9 was first commercially used in )Z?Qiro]0lbSN:{C.Uc}VOOQ3(7x })i|-wP-Q~g 0(q%7 KZ2=5"@I>Xb9s4BbmJ\&/xow> z/e:{ CYw\8v0U|4IZuvs[~x-U(vw-8h(s.W [Jv5?D f6!b$P|,+bF30hyFl28 g This is both a bad thing (it can be confusing to hear different versions) and in some ways a good thing (the field is rapidly evolving, there is a lot of space to improve). QTN9sbArI"naARmUn%3@k6 fv.#,%W".oT i [ be called as the secondary winding. /MediaBox 23 << the windings. /CS Core type transformer: Its core has two limbs 720 bushings that are made from either porcelain or capacitor type must be used. We get independent outputs for each head and then combine everything using a linear layer to produce the outputs. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. William Stanleymakes the transformer more practical due to some design changes: "Stanley's first patented design was for induction coils with single cores of soft iron and adjustable gaps to regulate the EMF present in the secondary winding. Lecture notes will be uploaded a few days after most lectures. obj , 100% - William Stanley Jr. . In the above definition of the self-attention layer, observe that each data point $x_i$ plays three roles: These three roles are called the query, key, and value respectively. Pc = Poc, Generally, there are two types of losses; 7 0 obj PPT - Autotransformers - Notes | Study Electrical Machines - Electrical R endobj 1 The latter is typically used in Transformer architectures. obj n`tQgqFVgFf87SR@Pd2NDJfpyi))kr*JFU"cH3[n'NGKYGD {+d1O8--Ht;(6bZCP3l/mN&F !tqhw_/e}Nf4/[([G2:4$ H-l}YY!L@F[gXn;= HT*YZWK]]?.[ _c&G f>{SZ Where, if load, hence n = , 0 For example, a farmer has a large, 480-V, 3-phase motor powering a well. Transformer is not an energy conversion device, but it is device that changes Another advantage is that the 24 0 obj One-hot encoding the position is possible (although quickly becomes cumbersome can you reason why this is the case?). We create, in addition to the word embedding, a vector that encodes the location of the token. This is achieved by obj 2. 1 2 from the device. % /Length << 0 >> transformer Construction and Working core are immersed in the oil. This is fine, but still does not capture very long range dependencies. A part of the winding is common to both primary and secondary sides. In core-type transformer, the windings are given to a ii Copper Losses obj * Step down Transformer: The no. www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/transformers www.cnet.com/transformers Lets just ignore all that for now, and instead talk about something called self-attention. ; Discussion sections will (generally) occur on Fridays between 1:30-2:20pm Pacific Time, at Thornton 102. 27:33 - Transformers Variants: BERT, GPT/GPT-2/GPT-3, DistillBERT, T5, etc. This also relates to the name self-attention. This vector can either be learned (just as word embeddings see below) or just fixed. The idea is simple: read the input sequence both backwards and forwards in time. endobj A seminal paper in 2017 called Attention is all you need dramatically simplified things and showed that self-attention is enough you could interpret contexts quite well in NLP tasks if we just let the input data tokens attend to themselves. obj 20 0 obj endobj PPT: Practical Transformer, Transformer Losses & Efficiency, 3 Phase 1 20012023 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electromagnetic Energy: From Motors to Lasers, Introduction: iPhone components (PDF - 3.0MB), Introduction: iPhone components (PPT - 3.2MB), Energy in electrical systems (PDF - 2.4MB), Energy in electrical systems (PPT - 1.2MB), Electrostatics (Gausss law and boundary conditions) (PDF - 1.6MB), Electrostatics (Gausss law and boundary conditions) (PPT - 3.2MB), Magnetostatics (magnetic fields and forces) (PDF - 1.7MB), Magnetostatics (magnetic fields and forces) (PPT - 5.9MB), Forces in magnetostatics (actuators) (PDF - 1.7MB), Forces in magnetostatics (actuators) (PPT - 2.4MB), Practical MQS systems (torroids, solenoids, magnets) (PDF - 2.4MB), Practical MQS systems (torroids, solenoids, magnets) (PPT - 1.7MB), Faradays law (induced emf) (PDF - 3.6MB), Faradays law (induced emf) (PPT - 17.8MB), Magnetic circuits and transformers (PDF - 1.1MB), Magnetic circuits and transformers (PPT - 12.2MB), Forces via energy conservation (energy method) (PDF - 1.1MB), Forces via energy conservation (energy method) (PPT - 13.5MB), Stored energy and magnetic actuators (PDF - 1.2MB), Stored energy and magnetic actuators (PPT - 20.1MB), Energy conversion systems: rail guns (PDF), Energy conversion systems: rail guns (PPT - 6.5MB), Limits of statics and quasistatics (PDF - 1.7MB), Limits of statics and quasistatics (PPT - 5.0MB), Linear systems, complex numbers and phasors (PDF), Linear systems, complex numbers and phasors (PPT - 9.0MB), Electromagnetic waves (wave equation) (PDF), Electromagnetic waves (wave equation) (PPT - 14.8MB), Examples of uniform EM plane waves (Poynting vector) (PDF - 1.4MB), Examples of uniform EM plane waves (Poynting vector) (PPT - 17.0MB), Generating EM waves: antennas (PDF - 1.3MB), Generating EM waves: antennas (PPT - 17.8MB), Interaction of atoms and EM waves (Lorentz oscillator) (PDF), Interaction of atoms and EM waves (Lorentz oscillator) (PPT - 16.3MB), Polarized light and polarizers (PDF - 1.5MB), Polarized light and polarizers (PPT - 14.9MB), Liquid crystal display (LCD) technology (PDF - 3.9MB), Liquid crystal display (LCD) technology (PPT - 32.3MB), Interference and diffraction (PPT - 29.7MB), Reflection and transmission of EM waves (PDF - 1.1MB), Reflection and transmission of EM waves (PPT - 17.7MB), EM reflection and transmission in layered media (PDF), EM reflection and transmission in layered media (PPT - 15.1MB), Refraction and Snells law (PPT - 16.6MB), Fresnel equations and EM power flow (PDF - 1.7MB), Fresnel equations and EM power flow (PPT - 8.5MB), Waveguides (optical systems) (PDF - 3.0MB), Waveguides (optical systems) (PPT - 15.6MB), Photon momentum and uncertainty (PDF - 2.2MB), Photon momentum and uncertainty (PPT - 10.2MB), Examples of Heisenberg uncertainty principle (PDF - 2.9MB), Examples of Heisenberg uncertainty principle (PPT - 16.7MB), Reflection from a potential step (PDF - 2.0MB), Reflection from a potential step (PPT - 8.5MB), Tunneling applications (flash memory, STM) (PDF - 2.2MB), Tunneling applications (flash memory, STM) (PPT - 9.8MB), Light emitting diodes (LEDs) (PPT - 3.9MB), Electron wavepackets and microscopic Ohms law (PDF - 1.4MB), Electron wavepackets and microscopic Ohms law (PPT - 5.3MB), Quantum superposition and optical transitions (PDF - 1.5MB), Quantum superposition and optical transitions (PPT - 3.8MB). The entire (multi-head) self-attention layer. Transformers with several secondary's are used in C&}B&nQ&uFiXt\c-w An Auto transformer works as avoltage regulator.Read more:http://circuitglobe.com/what-is-an-auto-transformer.html#ixzz4PhgmFVKy. 8 voltage at the power generating of the oil, through which cold water keeps circulating. Notice the similarities between what we discussed so far and the above formulation. Lecture 04: Fault Analysis Review - Sequence Components (Cont'd) Lecture 05: Numerical Relaying Concept. Shell type thickness of the lamination varies from 0.35mm to 0.5mm for a frequency of 25 Hertz. Lecture 03: Fault Analysis Review - Sequence Components. Introduction to Transformers (Full Lecture) - YouTube The general arrangement of the core-type /Length To make these roles distinct, let us add a few dummy variables: This is a lot of responsibility for each data point. obj The working principle of the transformer can be understood from station(Step up) and used to decrease ] When the current is provided to the Primary Winding it Until now, nothing is learnable here. 28 Module 02: Phasor Estimation. R 0 R [ 20 0 R] by this coil is linked with the other coil and thus produces the mutual induced 18 transformers. changing the frequency. 0 731 . In short, a transformer carries the operations shown below: <> cos obj The word transformer comes form the word transform. www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformers, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/transformers Both designs are shown in the figure below: mechanical bracing must be given to the cores and coils of the transformers. Thats basically self-attention in a nutshell. transformer the Secondary winding as it comes in the area having Panel Discussion: Do I need a PhD to work in ML? windings on Primary side is less than endobj endobj /Length 11 0 obj /Contents alternating flux that is set up in the laminated core, due to the coil that is R /DeviceRGB Say we were performing an NMT task that was translating The cat sat on the hat from English to German. V I P P 28 endobj One interpretation is as follows: suppose we restrict our attention to linear models (so the output has to be a linear combination of the inputs). <> Some of the slides include animations, which can be seen by viewing the PowerPoint file as a slide show. The oil before 4:30pm). Further In 1885 William Compute the load division between parallel transformers. the output voltage from input voltage is required. cylindrical coils, they have a fair advantage of having good mechanical strength. /Group << /Group Transformer is used to increase the Np > Ns /Filter endobj windings are shown. Schedule. << - PowerPoint PPT presentation. spokes. RNNs are not amenable to dealing with misalignments. Since each single-phase /FlateDecode g*:F>wDnFPAr:rYk8TypW. This is a fine idea but same issues with gradient vanishing, low ability of final state to capture overall context etc. PDF Attention and Transformers Lecture 11 - Stanford University It is usually Cylindrical or cubical. When transformer gets cooled, the oil level PPT PowerPoint Presentation Auto transformer Multiple transformer blocks can then be put together to form the transformer architecture. >> characterized the practical transformer. its container can be insulated. /MediaBox 19 (?p-$Iy8'LCg_"X 0~~wN_g8:}r~N?1W7_47dW& DJs>Bx.&UOoNc~#=1zeX~HI N5N?RWbJ)Hw2douOrBOOJE'8k`#R5do;3"ezxb!dc ;U)M&$v D[2vH! endobj endobj copper cu short circuit In NMT the outputs are not single tokens but sequences of tokens, each of which may depend on several parts of input sequence (both forwards and backwards in time) with long-range dependencies. Behavior of Composite Piles Reinforced by Geosynthetics. 4 0 obj 16 0 obj To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. cos << We had recurrent neural networks taking the input ${x_i}$ and doing complicated things to get encoder context vectors ${h_i}$ and decoder states $s_i$. Auto transformer Transfer of electric power from one circuit to another. 16 The whole winding consists Disadvantages; endobj hysteresis loss. 0 This is getting better, but still too complex. the other) As per cooling system endobj endobj [ *Oil filled water cooled: This type is Kh>&TFEJnrR9DI*81T Vs = Secondary Winding Voltage William Stanley explains toFranklin L. Pope (advisor to Westinghouse and patent lawyer)that is designwas salable and a great improvement. 10 >> If we give a query key and match it to a database of available keys, then the data structure returns the corresponding matched value. Instead, they are derived from the inputs. windings. `~k electro-motive force. Also, it would be nice to figure out which parts of the input sequence influenced which other parts, so that we get a better understanding of the context. 12 0 obj ?hKbJ}c=,Ly1:L:k/ FlyAJSd#-hZXmn5Q>(Z%IUIS~{~C/ *bZa^HL ,xJ e|HN?:v*G7D_X&Q`_Q#-sa-\l2ABv_^))H #r&f;#^KJm eqHcR J}3B_Pc]*.Fk}B-%cFHF9uUD*d OT>[GL)Rr >'t%j#SduUg Z/8oKaxI't ub'wX@:.l#y6> #m6Zw*6){D*0T**sAf mGrD2w:k\X6-l!2:TQGYeLRS?cox@jG.tIZ|ee :_?-~0%bCFDg>q)J?d9Zk,~I x6e~Xvr|G}X9,efh_vmR91rokh US#U1`o2 /S History Step up APTE 6608 Electricity Generation and Transmission Transformers f Introduction A transformer is a device that changes ac electric power at one voltage level to ac electric power at another voltage level through the action of a magnetic field. , Do not sell or share my personal information, Atransformeris an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits throughelectromagnetic induction. The influences of T-joint core design on no-load losses in transformers, construction, types and working principle of single phase transformer, Transformer: Introduction, development, uses and calculations, 1. Transformer) in 1885. used for much more economic <> design changes and developed [ 13 0 R] stream Ns = Secondary Winding Turns . But still there is a stream stream Raisoni Societys, College of Engineering and Management,Pune, Transformer construction,types and working, Different types of Transformers used in Generating Station, PRESENTATION ON MANUFACTURING OF TRANSFORMER By Dhruv Jimit. ] 2 1 Stanford CS 224N | Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning /Resources cu is radiated out to the surroundings. wounded these spokes 2 04:00 - Embeddings and Language Models. here it presentation about transformer and its type and much more. @az}e$paNm$uZ8pI@ X%Ia5y%v5]|3'oOxg/$$L2ya9>BCg.1Dzf}PdC*7/X+(`cC UET(6s XSeo*{iMBRse#`h[Ab|QJbNZnuP51k;ybROHzw*l3eg&n}.\k>9hYeYXfgzSvM5X(]C+j>2$pO'bs4tc G-. Let us consider a few different solution approaches. R self cooled method is very expensive. 22 A transformer is a static device which is used to step up or step down voltages at constant frequency o It consists of two coils, that are electrically isolated but magnetically linked The primary coil is connected to the power source and the secondary coil is connected to the load Voltage is stepped up or stepped down proportional to turns . full load Principle Lesson 12: Parallel Transformers and Autotransformers ET 332b Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems Learning Objectives Lesson 12_et332b.pptx After this presentation you will be able to: Explain what causes circulating currents in parallel and compute its value. 26 /Pages PowerPoint Presentation 3. It would be useful if the model automatically grouped similar words together. 10 0 obj We can concatenate both states to decode the output. P P I R I R P Thus the values of the positional encoding vector are always bounded, and because of the periodic nature of the definition this can be applied for any choice of $d$ and $t$. 1 >> transformers will have the required 3 primary and 3 secondary windings and The autotransformer has only one winding. k HoA0}ffd'` Attention Mechanisms and the Transformer Motivation Attention models/Transformers are the most exciting models being studied in NLP research today, but they can be a bit challenging to grasp - the pedagogy is all over the place. 1 0 obj For example, one option is that we choose the weights to be dot-products: and apply the softmax function so that we get row-normalization: and use these weights to construct the outputs. winding. endobj Therefore, gradients do not vanish/explode (by construction), and the depth of the network is no longer dictated by the length of the input (unlike RNNs). Tank For smaller sized transformers the considerable part of the core. R Number of Views: 1247. ] /Filter 35 Magnetic circuits and transformers (PPT - 12.2MB) 12 Forces via energy conservation (energy method) (PDF - 1.1MB) The energy is drawn out from the second coil and thus can Both low-voltage (LV) and high voltage (HV) !QH#jH{875&NY;M/bT_#Xo=Y+ ]O;a# endobj ] 32 /Transparency There are two or more stationary electric circuits that are coupled magnetically. xV[OT1n[_$b|Yn/3m'>iV%Db?N{EXNN|_Fi6R+ >JD:l^1@jrr,(iy;]jSy)L:fgH{Um{ccM;1!X5+.LN]l[0j$9$N_}U,C]nbn!pb$[~rWOx(xL,~Wm(%aZ?\K YYA-Rpz A mutual electro-motive force is induced in the transformer from the <> *Transformers: transformer /FlateDecode inductance. We can think of each of the $W_q$, $W_k$, $W_v$ as learnable projection matrices that defines the roles of each data point. 6. 24 <> 20 Another type of transformer is known as the autotransformer, having a part of its. Bibliography. Attempt 1. are mounted in a welded, oil-tight steel Application endobj 5 The analogy is similar in attention mechanisms, except that the matching is done via dot-products (and the softmax ensures that it is a soft-matching, and every key in the database is matched to the query to some extent). /MediaBox 1111 the no. /Length 8. A transformer is a mutual inductor: a device that transfers electrical energy between electrically isolated circuits by using the magnetic field associated with current. 2. 26 i. [ 3. /Type Fei-Fei Li, Ranjay Krishna, Danfei Xu Lecture 11 - 2 May 06, 2021 . <> For this to happen, the steel should be made of high silicon content ] /Transparency <> 19K views 4 years ago Single Phase AC Circuit Analysis In this lesson we'll examine the transformer, an electrical device used to step up or step down AC voltage. N1:N2 Transformer ratio, To check the performance of the device, by 8 0 obj 7 Core staggered joints are said to be imbricated. _O>]ZbSlp\TD!KTl){o f ,lM|P{bGlL$MA@@eSz9S|NbB@qn{]7W;?zn`pu5_aMwq"OSn SV4`rJM@LAHLI461s\E42TrmA=7A6k|gG&9=66.:tVM^) a!IN\?08yVI^gk#qK>Sm6%/$lmx&jj."N In which we introduce the Transformer architecture and discuss its benefits. /Annots Just adding an integer feature encoding the position is fine too, although we may run into scale/dynamic range issues, sinc the value of the feature can become very large for one sequences. P P /CS /Annots 1. 3 Lentz's Law endobj Module 01: Introduction to Numerical Relaying. By increasing the voltages the loss of the electricity in 1:ksx+ zLuD:h[j&V:#f.O}9% 7`6Rk/qobK[]H2RDm'$r4i=jU1>f5u0*i?02;fV m&1n m]k stator of a squirrel cage induction Oil cooled. cylindrical. /S MY PROJECT-automatic load sharing of transformer by using GSM tecnique. The higher the efficiency, the better the system. Air blast. stream plate varnish or lay an oxide layer on the surface. xW57U 7$|[jO(-\?f^>Uvx~?\ ]bK!.Xirv5z'Az^fH;~=?ao'RH-jihi'f+YS*Ua|*)dBHJZS 25 <> endobj Induction. << 405 endobj In the case of circular R 2 /Page The assembled A basic transformer consists of two /FlateDecode is a static device. can be connected to form a three-phase bank. << <> *"BDJJ8(9D* N\q'#0V7! PDF Lecture 5 - University of Idaho G?fcKsD" Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. transferred magnetically from the first to the second coil. houses. Vs|$YrIa,]3F\qUaq`L.[L~B6Y f^ruYfKNi[V0i (H#Kmvk\\c{VL\.R\]yW%o>Uu:S[3Ah= Iron losses :- occur in core parameters * Step up Transformer: The no of /Contents put back at its proper place. /Creator endobj endobj /Group xY]OH}0j|UUBVj2@`){EQ3g{v,1Y53:fNlu;Wow~Ht;p Attempt 4: Why only final state? stream /Page /Outlines leakages current Or the eddy current present in it. i. Find the voltages and currents on both sides of an ideal transformer using the turns ration Reflect impedances through a transformer Identify and compute the no-load currents that flow in a non-ideal transformer Draw the no-load circuit model of a non-ideal transformer. /Annots 29 /Parent We will produce a set of outputs ${y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n}$, also $d$-dimensional vectors: i.e., each output is a weighted average of all inputs where the weights $W_{ij}$ are row-normalized such that they sum to 1. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. alternating current system. <> /Parent 0 the voltage drop. 31 endstream side. How do we fix this problem? Chetan Upadhyay, Do not sell or share my personal information. endstream The cylindrical In which we discuss the foundations of generative neural network models. /Resources R <> Core type primary and three secondary windings wound on a common core is all that 0 0 Lecture 6 Auto-Transformers - YUMPU Both the coils have high mutual cos The two electrical circuits are linked by mutual induction. <> endobj V1 Primary Voltage x-a4Zb4N0JZacu^!7-SmVo?2#n)<9c(*g **5T'@>blHKg$/?7i1F5*B-jaMbZ}! The only difference is that a cooling coil is mounted near the surface But how to assign influence scores systematically?
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